Amnart Charoen is located in the south of northern plateau approximately 583 kilometres from Bangkok. It is a newly established province upgraded from Amphur Amnart Charoen of Ubon Ratchathani Province in 1993.

The province is divided into the following districts: Muang, Chanuman, Phana, Hua Taphan, Senangkhanikhom, Pathum Ratchawongsa and Lue Amnart.